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The annual Asian Development Outlook analyzes economic performance in the past year and offers forecasts for the next 2 years for the 45 economies in Asia and the Pacific that make up developing Asia. Growth prospects in the region are upbeat, buoyed by favorable demand at home and abroad. A strong performance in 2017 reflected a surge in exports, which will likely abate this year and next, and rapidly expanding domestic demand. While the outlook...
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This publication outlines the performance of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in achieving the goals of Strategy 2030, the institution's long-term strategic framework. It is the 13th in a series of annual reports that tracks development progress in Asia and the Pacific, assesses ADB's development effectiveness over the years, and identifies areas where the institution's performance needs to be further strengthened.
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This report reflects the changes in the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) Program's operational plan for the period 2016–2025. It outlines the updates on the supporting list of priority projects resulting from a rigorous vetting process. This involves defining SASEC transport and energy networks and identifying priority projects based on preparedness and their roles in filling network gaps. The result is a more reasonable estimate...
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This publication presents the methodology and results of research on a cost-effective approach for estimating purchasing power parities (PPPs). The study drew on price and national accounts data from 20 economies in Asia and the Pacific. It used a "reduced information" approach to generate more firmly based estimates of PPPs, price level indexes, and measures of real (PPP-based) expenditures than conventional extrapolation methods would obtain. The...
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Article 6 of the Paris Agreement enables countries to utilize market and nonmarket approaches to achieve their nationally determined contributions. Yet, international negotiations on Article 6 are complex and ongoing. The Parties of the Paris Agreement have made progress on many issues, but contentious matters on political and technical aspects remain unresolved. This publication presents the latest developments in negotiations, discusses the key...
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This report identifies and examines six key technologies that are transforming fundamental financial market infrastructure: (i) distributed ledger technology and blockchain, (ii) artificial intelligence, (iii) big data analytics, (iv) cloud computing, (v) enhanced cybersecurity technologies, and (vi) (open) application programming interface. It ascertains the most current status of technology adoption by Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the vital role of financial inclusion in supporting resilience and economic recovery among the most vulnerable populations in Asia and the Pacific. This publication identifies financial inclusion priorities to stimulate economic recovery and explores the challenges and opportunities of accelerated digital transformation. It proposes recommendations to aid policy makers and regulators. The...
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Remittances are considered a lifeline of developing countries and are especially vital for migrants and their families. Digital data technology can help alleviate many of the "pain-points" in the remittances industry. For example, it can significantly enhance the convenience, speed, security, and affordability of sending and receiving remittances. This report discusses the importance of remittances in Asia and the Pacific, the key challenges faced...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is accelerating digital transformation across Asia and the Pacific. Digital platforms have become prominent intermediaries or marketplaces that allow the exchange of goods, services, and information. They are opening new transaction channels and ways of using resources while lowering service costs and enhancing market efficiency. This volume of background papers, prepared for the Asian Economic Integration...
50) Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Drawing Lessons from the Joint Crediting Mechanism (Version II)
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Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost-effectively, while mobilizing fiscal resources to foster green recovery and growth. This publication introduces carbon pricing instruments and provides insights on how they can be designed to stimulate and not constrain economic activity in the context of recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)...
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Analyzing the importance of Thailand's blue economy, this report considers ways to mobilize and scale up private sector investment in areas such as aquaculture and marine renewable energy to help bolster sustainable blue development. It explains why factors such as limited awareness of ocean economy opportunities, a lack of investment-ready at-scale projects, and insufficient monitoring are proving a barrier to investors. The report shows how creating...
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This report analyzes ways that the tourism sector in Asia and the Pacific can leverage regional digital cooperation to ensure long-term resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity. Explaining how countries are looking to "build forward better" to insulate tourism from future shocks, the report studies how digital technology can be used to help change behaviors and stimulate investment. It sets out policy recommendations, considers countries' capacity...
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The quarterly Asia Bond Monitor reviews developments in emerging East Asian local currency bond markets. The report discusses key trends in the region's bond markets, and the outlook, risks, and policy options. It covers the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; and the Republic of Korea.
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This report offers an analytical framework that allows for more systemic assessments of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and its applications. It examines the evolution and typology of the emergent technology, its existing and projected applications, and regulatory and policy issues that they entail. This report highlights the trends, concerns, and potential opportunities of DLTs, especially for Asian markets. It also identifies the benefits and...
55) Gender Equality and the Labor Market: Women, Work, and Migration in the People's Republic of China
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The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made advances in narrowing gender gaps in its labor market. It has one of the highest female labor force participation rates in Asia and the Pacific at around 64% in 2013, and one of the narrowest earnings gender gaps. This study investigates how women are faring in the transition to the PRC's new growth model, and what can be done to promote women's participation. It shows how the PRC is undergoing multiple...
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Digital transformation can positively impact economic growth, jobs creation, and social inclusion. As the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) region deals with the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, investing in national broadband infrastructure is more crucial than ever to enable connectivity and improve service delivery. Digitalization will allow CAREC member countries to develop robust solutions for...
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This publication focuses on the state of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and education technology (EdTech) in Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan. The studies conducted from May 2020 to May 2021 include situation analysis reports on STEM education and EdTech for each country in the general education subsectors (primary and secondary). The publication covers discussions of the findings from the...
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This report prepared by an Asia—Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO) taskforce analyzes how improving crash and accident data collection can better protect lives on the region's roads. It looks at the type of data countries should prioritize and explains why bolstering data quality would help reach targets of halving road injuries and deaths. The report considers how other regions share crash statistics. APRSO recommends collecting aggregated...
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This report explains why strengthening the governance around public investment management is central to cutting inefficiencies and unblocking the climate finance needed to narrow Asia and the Pacific's gaping infrastructure gap. Outlining how adaptation and mitigation should be woven into more inclusive investment planning, it explains why private investment should be combined with public resources to better tackle the climate and investment shortfall....
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The Japan Fund for Prosperous and Resilient Asia and the Pacific (JFPR) is a partnership between the Government of Japan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It helps people move above the poverty threshold and toward sustainable prosperity and resilience. This guide illustrates the requirements stipulated in the JFPR Implementation Guidelines. It provides best practices, examples, tips, and suggestions to help JFPR users and clients tailor proposals...
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