The evolution of U.S. policy toward Israel

The Eisenhower Administration and the pursuit of Arab allies

The Kennedy Administration : breaking taboos and pursuing a new balance

Lyndon Baines Johnson : emotional ties but constrained by Vietnam

Nixon and Ford : dysfunction, war, and interim agreements

The Carter presidency : the pursuit of peace and constant tension with Israel

The Reagan administration and the policy of duality

George H.W. Bush and Israel : discord and responsiveness

The Clinton administration and Israel : strategic partners for peace

Bush 43 : terror, partnership, and bureaucratic divisions

Obama and Israel : support for security, little chemistry, and constant challenges

Lessons from the past and implications for the future